As of bash 4.2, you can just use a negative index ${myarray[-1]} to get the last element. Now you can access the array to get any word you desire or use the for loop in bash to print all the words one by one as I have done in the above script. Of course, you should remember to save the original IFS content and put the original content back after the script runs. If the index number is @ or *, all members of an array are referenced. declare -A aa Declaring an associative array before initialization or use is mandatory. Declare an associative array. You can print the total number of the files array elements, i.e. You can traverse through the array elements and print it, using looping statements in bash. You can initialize elements one at a time as follows: aa[hello]=world aa[ab]=cd aa["key with space"]="hello world" You can also initialize an entire associative array … You can access elements of a Bash Array using the index. This is also the case with echo command. Print the Whole Bash Array. It could be printed in the first two spaces, the last two spaces, or maybe the middle two spaces (if that can be deter-mined). You can also print out all the array elements at once: echo ${files[*]} f1.txt f2.txt f3.txt f4.txt f5.txt. Note that there has to be no space around the assignment operator =. the size of the array: echo ${#files[@]} 5 What you're doing is tricky. When writing a bash scripts most of us by default use echo command as means to print to standard output stream. You can only use the declare built-in command with the uppercase “-A” option.The += operator allows you to append one or multiple key/value to an associative Bash array. I'm getting started with bash scripting. The normal way is to avoid this and just pass the array values as arguments. There are different ways to print the whole elements of the array. The sed based solutions will transform it in -option1 -option2 -with -space - option3 (length 5), but the above bash expansion will transform it into -option1 Bash arrays have numbered indexes only, but they are sparse, ie you don't have to define all the indexes. I tried to set the space character using the \ symbol, but this doesn't help. echo is easy to use and mostly it fits our needs without any problem. This is because I intend to introduce bash loop concepts later in this series. This is the bash split string example using tr (translate) command: I'm working with array elements that contain space characters. Here’s the output of the above script: Ubuntu Linux Mint Debian Arch Fedora Method 2: Split string using tr command in Bash. 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