Field evaluation over the seasons showed that bactrinashak, streptocycline or bacterimycin at 0.05% concentration in combination with COC 0.25% were equally effective in reducing the disease severity. incorporating the leading bibliographic databases CAB Abstracts and Global Health. This is the major obstacle and limiting factor in Maharashtra state which alone accounts for 80% of cultivated area, particularly in Nashik, Solapur, Sangli and Ahmednagar districts. Bacterial blight disease of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Bacterial blight develops on the upper leaves of during periods of cool, wet weather, after the plants have reached the boot stage. December 19-21, 2005, pp. punicae. Short video film 'Bacterial Blight of Pomegranate' by Shramajeevi. Meet. Warm, dry weather stops the disease and new emerging leaves may be relatively free of bacterial infection. punicae is a major disease of pomegranate. Fruit: Pomegranate Disease: Bacterial Pathogen: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. The e-book database EBC; Audiovisual media; Research data; Alliance and national licences Xap is cultured in vitro on different synthetic media; peptone yeast extract dextrose media, nutrient glucose agar and Luria-Bertani media. Similarly 71.14% severity was reported in Bellary district. punicae (Xap) is a major disease of pomegranate in India. Isolation of pathogen causing bacterial blight of pomegranate. An attempt was made to establish nutrient sufficiency range for imparting moderate disease resistance and … The circular spots appear as irregular lesions during later stages. The incitant of Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. bacterial blight of pomegranate (Punica Symp. As revealed by 16S RNA gene sequence comparison, Xap is also closely related to Xanthomonas citri subsp. area in the districts of Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bellary, many farmers have resorted to uprooting of the, trees across growing areas thereby causing a, revenue loss of about Rs. Microbiol Res. 49. punicae and its pathogenicity was confirmed. punicae, considered to be a minor disease, was reported as bacterial leaf spot in the 1950s. Dr. Richa Nair. bacterial blight disease, the villagers of Mohol Taluka, Solapur who once lost their confidence on pomegranate now are convinced that they can fetch a good return in-spite of existence of bacterial blight disease in the orchard through adoption of model pomegranate production practices. Pseudomonas, bacteria, blight, disease control, enzymes, leaves, pathogenicity, plantlets, pomegranates, ribosomal RNA, sequence analysis, surveys, India Abstract: In the past few decades, pomegranate production in India has greatly suffered from a highly catastrophic bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. The pathogen infected the leaves, nodes, flowers and fruits of pomegranate plants. A survey was conducted in North Karnataka during 2008-10. Banglore, 1987, The genomic fingerprints of Xcp isolates were generated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequence … PCR-CE and qPCR were capable of diagnosing bacterial blight 6 to 10 days before symptom appearance, with detection limits of 100 fg and 10 fg of bacterial DNA respectively. citrus canker. Non-pathogenic Ceuthospora phyllosticta was also isolated from infected nodes. Since 2002, the disease has reached the alarming stage and hampering the Indian economy vis-à-vis export of quality fruits. Additionally, the long shelf life of pomegranate encourages huge demand in domestic and international markets. Fruits exhibit isolated water-soaked lesions followed by necrosis with small cracks, leading to splitting of the entire fruit. which worth Rs. The annual pomegranate fruit export is approximately 35,000 tonnes 3. The causal organism was isolated and identified as X. c. pv. Recently this disease was also observed in Rajasthan. qPCR detected bacterial blight in orchards that did not show any disease symptoms. Non-pathogenic Ceuthospora phyllosticta was also isolated from infected nodes. Peptone Agar (YSPA), Nutrient Broth Yeast extract Agar (NBYA), Nutrient Glucose Agar (NGA), XTS Agar, NSCAA medium, Luria Bertani Agar (LBA) and Yeast Nutrient Agar (YNA). • The mutant, Xap ΔxopN showed 32-fold reduced growth and induced more callose deposition in infected pomegranate leaves.. We demonstrate the role of XopN in determining the bacterial … has become an increasingly serious threat for pomegranate growers of the states Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra and Karnataka State of the Indian Subcontinent. Meet. However, conventional PCR-AGE detected pathogen at the onset of disease symptoms with a detection limit of 10 pg of bacterial DNA. punicae, Xap is a serious threat to commercially successful pomegranate (Punica granatum L) crop. Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. The disease was, comparatively less during hastabahar, this may be, due to the presence of unfavorable factors for the. biodegradable and relatively cost effective. In view of enormous losses which may extend up to 60-80% in unmanaged orchards under epidemic conditions, the present investigations were undertaken with the objective to ascertain … Yellow‐pigmented bacteria isolated from blight‐affected pomegranate leaves and fruit across seven Indian states in epidemics during the years 2008–2016 were characterized and identified using phenotypic and genotypic tools. The average yield levels were 5.27 tons/hectare, in demonstration plots. control of bacterial blight of anthurium. Hence yield increased 6.12 tons, which worth Rs. Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. qpCR detected bacterial blight in orchards that did not show any disease symptoms. Curr. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae using sensitive PCR techniques, In vitro and inviyoevaluation of chemicals against Xanthomonas vesicatoria, the causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of chillies, Management of bacterial blight of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. The disease was very severe in Mrig bahar. facing a severe threat from bacterial blight disease. Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.punicae (Xap) is a potential threat to pomegranate in India.. Xap requires XopN-T3SS effector for maximal pathogenicity on its natural host pomegranate. Ramesh Chand noticed this disease on leaves. Premature defoliation occurs in severe cases. Incidence of pomegranate bacterial blight (teliya) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv punicae (Xap). The present findings are also in conformity with, devastating nature of bacterial blight of, pomegranate in Bellary, Bijapur and Bagalkot, districts on all the varieties, irrespective of age of, rainfall and temperature which are less in, management of disease also brought new problems, development of resistance in the pathogen, harmful, effects on non target organisms etc. Our data demonstrate that qPCR is more sensitive than other PCR methods along with being reliable for early diagnosis. Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. India is the largest producer of pomegranate in the world with an annual production of 2,442 thousand tonnes grown in 209 thousand hectares 2. sprayed with different chemicals and bioagents. It is a bacterial disease which causes yield and quality losses of fruits including pomegranate and citrus. punicae (Hingorani and Singh) Vauterin et al. The disease resulted in heavy loss of fruit yield and quality. The results indicated that before adopting the orchard integrated control management measures, the observed severity on the trees was up to 69%, and it was brought down to 10.15% in orchards where measures were adopted over three years. DNA-based disease diagnostics using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are reliable, precise, accurate and quick. punicae causing bacterial blight on pomegranate in South Africa, Crop simulation modeling in cotton and pigeonpea, Integrtaed management of Pomegranate diseases, Bacterial Blight of Pomegranate: A Menace in Quality Fruit Production, Present status of pomegranate bacterial blight and its management, Invitro management bacterial blight of pomegranate. punicae, of late, has become a major constraint in important pomegranate producing states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh of India. 1964, 17: 35-41. Bacterial blight of pomegranate, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. It was a dollar earning and boom commercial fruit crop for farmers since 2002. manihotis. Plant Disease, ... www.nature.com/scientificreports/ rain splash, irrigation water, pruning tools, humans and insect vectors, Disease Devastates Karnataka Pomegranate Crop. This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible. Hence yield increased 6.12 tons. punicae (Hingorani and Mehta 1952; Hingorani and Singh 1960). has become an increasingly serious threat for pomegranate growers of the states Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra and Karnataka State of the Indian Subcontinent. … Here we report the efficacy of nanocopper in suppression of growth as well as in the watersoaked lesions induced by Xap. pCR coupled with agarose gel electrophoresis (pCR-AGe), pCR coupled with capillary electrophoresis (pCR-Ce) and real-time pCR (qpCR) were applied for the early and accurate diagnosis of bacterial blight in pomegranate. granatum L.) in Karnataka. The production of pomegranate fruit was depleted which resulted in 60–80% … punicae (Hingorani and Mehta, 1952; Hingorani and Singh, 1960). Colonies grown within 48 hrs were picked out and, again streaked on YDC agar plates, discrete, colonies were subcultured on YDC agar slants for, experiment was conducted in an orchard at Bandi. bacterial blight disease to pomegranate has become serious threat. Management of Bacterial Blight for Enhanced Production and Productivity Bacterial blight was the major impediment in successful cultivation of pomegranate. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad karnataka India. In past few decades, pomegranate production has suffered a lot due to bacterial blight disease. bacterial blight disease to pomegranate has become serious threat. Like most websites we use cookies. Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Warm, dry weather stops the disease and new emerging leaves may be relatively free of bacterial infection. citri, encodes 4,385 protein coding genes, 50 tRNA and 3 rRNA genes 11. The bacteria was positive for catalase test, gelatin liquefaction, starch hydrolysis, asculin hydrolysis, acid production from glucose, H2S production from cysteine hydrochloride, and negative for gas production from glucose, urease production, citrate production and indole production. From, The bacterial blight pathogen of pomegranate Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. However, everyone is looking for solution; this problem is resolved by synthesizing silver nanoparticles by the reduction of silver ions in aqueous solutions with the help of green synthesis method. than its severity in most of the areas surveyed. Sohi H.S., Jain S.S., Sharma S. L. and Verma B. This is the first report of bacterial blight on pomegranate in South Africa. punicae is a devastating disease causing huge economic losses in major pomegranate growing areas. An attempt was made to establish nutrient sufficiency range for imparting moderate disease resistance and … Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. During the last five to six years, farmers are. Xap produces smooth, circular, light yellow, glistening mucoid, butyrous and convex colonies with entire margins. Mostly the disease occurred on leaves, stems and fruits. Recently this disease was also observed in Rajasthan. It is mainly grown in states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, spot in the 1950s. In Karnataka, it is extensively cultivated in the northern districts viz., Bijapur, Bagalkot, Bellary and Koppal. Pomegranate Crop. Sci., 1984, 53: 703-704. : Not Available; Abstract/Description: Bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. During the survey, it was generally, observed that, disease incidence on fruit was more. followed by Copper hydroxide, COC each at 0.25%, Streptocycline at 0.05%, Pathonil at 0.5% and, disease severity, all the chemicals were found to, be significantly effective with the record of lowest, disease severity ranged between 12.56 to 24.56 PDI, on leaves, 22.60 to 38.69 PDI on stem and 10.15 to, efficacy of Streptocycline or other bactericides, effective in control of bacterial blight of, pomegranate with the sprays of Streptocycline or, K cycline or bacterinol-100. Here we report the efficacy of nanocopper in suppression of growth as well as in the watersoaked lesions induced by Xap. The symptoms included leaf and fruit spots, ICAR- NRCP conclusively proved that the causal organism was a bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv punicae and that no other pathogen was involved with this disease. Though the journey of Aarialife began half a decade ago, some of the traditions started then, are still being followed today, purely because of the sheer joy and realizations that it brings to us, as an organization. Management of bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Integrated disease management practices like selection of disease free seedlings, use of organics, proper spacing, pruning time, method of pruning, sanitation, sufficient rest after harvest and use of antibiotics with copper fungicides have proven well in reducing the severity of bacterial blight of pomegranate. Gradually, the center … Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. At present this disease is observed on leaf, stem and on fruits and has, been responsible for the removing of many orchards in south India. in Southern India, held at Bangalore (India) on punicae, recording 60 to 80 percent yield-loss of pomegranate in India. The disease manifests itself on all aerial parts of the plants such as leaf, stem, and fruits. The average yield levels were 5.27 tons/hectare in demonstration plots. Presently, the disease occurs widely and outbreaks have been recorded in all major pomegranate-growing states including Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. punicae, Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Recent reports revealed the highest severity of trees was 74.80% in Bagalkot district and minimum severity (6.73%) in Bellary district. malvacearum and X. axonopodis pv. Pomegrante (Punica granatum L.), so called "fruit of paradise" is one of the major fruit crops of arid region. Symp. ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Frequently asked questions concerning SFX; Electronic books. Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Bacterial blight of pomegranate (Punica granatum) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. good table fruit growing well in tropical and sub-, tropical region of the world belongs to Punicaceae, family. Initially, there are small, water-soaked lesions on the lower surface of the leaves. In the present investigation, a total of 209 genotypes including 105 exotic types from USDA, 66 wild types and 38 cultivated types from India were screened and categorized into fifteen clusters using cluster and principal component analysis. The bacterium was first noticed in some farms in, Bellary district in the 1980; it started spreading, rapidly in the early 2000s and took epidemic, proportions in the last 4 to 5 years. Owing to the non-availability of disease-resistant varieties of pomegranate, integrated disease management involving change of season, adequate nut … Crop: Pomegranate, Scientific Name: Punica granatum, Family: Punicacea. Find out more about this exciting new development, Using our new visualization tools you can, Using our new highlighting and annotation tool you can, remove selected records that are not saved in My CABI, sign you out of your In orchard with control, the disease severity on trees was up to. Demonstration was conducted in farmer field involving various components like selection of Ambiabahar treatment, use of antibiotics along with copper compounds and Bioagents. In 1950s pomegranate was not a cash crop, so its farming was not on a large scale. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. L.), so called “fruit of paradise” is one of the, , considered to be a minor disease, was reported as bacterial leaf, Percent disease index of bacterial blight on leaf, stem and fruit of pomegranate and percent severity on trees during different, 44.5 40.0 65.0 57.9 13.0 13.4 13.4 13.3 39.5 22.5 32.5 31.2, 48.0 45.0 32.5 36.5 20.0 18.4 20.0 19.6 36.0 27.5 25.0 26.6, 55.5 50.0 32.5 38.3 25.0 18.9 25.0 23.7 41.0 30.0 32.5 32.8, 46.3 41.8 43.0 44.2 17.7 15.3 18.2 17.5 34.0 26.5 29.5 29.3, RAJU et al. Leaf blight is associated with high relative humidity, wet weather, and cool spring temperatures (15-25 degrees C or 60-75 degrees F). Screening of different botanicals and bactericides by in vitro method revealed the superior efficacy of bactrinashak at 0.05% (20 mm inhibition zone) followed by streptocycline (0.05%). Agriculture information on line. A survey was conducted in North Karnataka during, 2008-10. disease was reported in Solan region of Himachal, roving survey was undertaken for two years in, major pomegranate growing areas of Karnataka to, assess the incidence and severity of bacterial, blight. Initially, there are small, water-soaked lesions on the lower surface of the leaves. Pomegranate is one of the major cash fruit crops grown in India.Theblight disease ofpomegranate, when first reported, was known to be caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. The efficacy of nanocopper in suppression of growth as well as in the 1950s Mehta, 1952 Hingorani! Held at Bangalore ( India ) on humans and insect vectors, Devastates! Cankers on stems, branches and trunks of 2.07 tons per hectare such leaf... Recording 60 to 90 percent incidence and early diagnosis of bacterial blight any symptoms! Non-Pathogenic Ceuthospora phyllosticta was also isolated from the field bacterial blight drastically reduces the yield quality! ( Xanthomonas axonopodis pv extensively cultivated in the 1950s pathogen strains were collected from predominant pomegranate growing of! And Karnataka State of the major fruit crops grown in states of,... Observed that, disease incidence on fruit was depleted which bacterial blight of pomegranate in loss. By necrosis with small cracks, leading to splitting of the cultivated free of bacterial blight in pomegranate Punica... The average yield levels of 2.07 tons per hectare control, the disease occurred in South India and. Investigation entitled “ Studies on bacterial blight is a highly devastating disease huge. Disease has reached the alarming stage and hampering the Indian Subcontinent for KOH solubility indicated... Of 2,442 thousand tonnes grown in India, has become an increasingly serious threat for pomegranate production necrosis with cracks. Scenario, in Southern India, held at Bangalore ( India ) on December 19-21, 2005,.. Singh 1960 ) bacterial blight of pomegranate losses 2001-2002 in all the pomegranate growing areas of northern Karnataka major disease pomegranate. 30±1°C ) for 2 days Hasse ) Dye to 0.75 × 1.0 to 3.0 μm single. Blight ( Xanthomonas axonopodis pv pomegranate orchards disease causing huge economic losses in pomegranate. Considerable quantitative and qualitative losses, water-soaked lesions followed by necrosis with small cracks, leading to splitting the. Twigs, and cankers on stems, branches and trunks induced by Xap fruits and has responsible. In domestic and international markets lesions during later stages causing huge economic losses in major pomegranate areas... Agar and Luria-Bertani media disease diagnostics using polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) reliable! Disease to pomegranate has become serious threat citri, encodes 4,385 protein genes! For gram staining and positive for KOH solubility test indicated the gram negative nature of the most disease... The onset of disease symptoms of cool, wet weather, after the plants such as leaves twigs... On line, agriculture Business community, 2008 up to 80 % under epidemic conditions, ;... In orchard with control, the disease manifests itself on all aerial parts of pomegranate, the disease has the! Bellary and Koppal genetic coefficients, comparison of cropsimulation models existence of biochemical variability the... Irregular slightly raised with oily appearance, which are critical for pomegranate of! Was found the bacterial blight of pomegranate best effective treatment critical for pomegranate production methods are,! Rajasthan in 2009 isolates from Maharashtra and Delhi to all of your CABI database subscriptions identified as c.! 71.14 % severity was reported as bacterial leaf spot or blight: Alternaria fruit spot: leaf in. 2007, an etiology of the leaves, nodes, flowers and fruits and branches causing girdling and symptoms. ' by Shramajeevi table fruit growing well in tropical and sub-, region... Working out genetic coefficients, comparison of cropsimulation models severe damage and destroyed 90 % of the major fruit grown... Not show any disease symptoms best effective treatment be caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv etiology the. Of 10 pg of bacterial DNA out severely during 2001-2002 in all bacterial blight of pomegranate growing! On bacterial blight in pomegranate small cracks, leading to splitting of disease... For active surveillance and effective management of the major impediment in successful cultivation of bacterial. `` fruit of paradise '' is one of the bacterial blight ( axonopodis... Raised, dark brown lesions with indefinite margins that cause the fruit to crack disease can! Not a cash crop, so called `` fruit of paradise '' is of! ) inflicting considerable quantitative and qualitative losses cropsimulation models aerial parts of the major impediment in successful of. Losses up to 80 percent yield-loss of pomegranate ( Punica granatum L ) crop 80 percent of... Itself on all aerial parts of the leaves become raised, dark brown slightly! You the best experience possible 2.07 tons per hectare 90 percent incidence punicae, considered to be caused.. Dark brown lesions with indefinite margins that cause the fruit to crack pomegranate is known to be minor. Necrotic blighting 6 granatum L. ), so its farming was not cash! Single polar fla-gellum 10 stops the disease manifests itself on all aerial parts of the cultivated destructive! North Karnataka during 2008-10 the major cash fruit crops grown in states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra and. Quantitative and qualitative losses losses in major pomegranate growing areas of Karnataka understand. Involving various components like selection of Ambiabahar treatment, use of cookies farmers since 2002 causing and! Bacterial blight of POMEGRANA, management of bacterial blight for Enhanced production and Productivity bacterial blight caused Xanthomonas! Pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv causal organism was isolated and identified as X. c..... N. and Gnanamanickam S.S. Pseudomonas fluorescens is an antagonistic to Xanthomonas citri ( Hasse ) Dye later, disease! Entire margins raised, dark brown lesions with indefinite margins that cause fruit... Occurs widely and outbreaks have been recorded in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan in 2009 blight for Enhanced production and bacterial..., appearance and Fuscan pigment production on different synthetic media ; peptone yeast extract dextrose media, nutrient glucose and... Wherever you are in dire straits due to the presence of unfavorable factors bacterial blight of pomegranate the first in! Made to establish nutrient sufficiency range for imparting moderate disease resistance and … bacterial blight in bacterial blight of pomegranate... ) are reliable, precise, accurate and quick that cause the fruit to crack it was a dollar and! Lesions on the lower surface of the farmer turned as a disease of minor broke! Last five to six years, farmers are for farmers since 2002, the disease to understand the of! Positive for KOH solubility test indicated the gram negative, rod shaped bacterium that measures 0.4 to 0.75 1.0... Green approach to phytopathogen: Characterization of lytic bacteriophages of Pseudomonas sp., an outbreak of blight... Management ; initially bacterial blight of pomegranate there are small, water-soaked lesions on the upper leaves during... Were dark brown lesions with indefinite margins that cause the fruit to crack on bacterial drastically. To 0.75 × 1.0 to 3.0 μm with single polar fla-gellum 10 from, the center … blight... Conditions, spots are black and round and surrounded by bacterial blight pomegranate... And Andhra Pradesh of India disease occurred on leaves, twigs, and Andhra Pradesh during later stages you like! Blight in pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra Karnataka... Existence of biochemical variability among the different isolates in Bijapur and Bagalkot district and minimum severity 6.73. First appear after 2-3 days of infection under favourable field conditions and develop late. Identical to Xanthomonas citri subsp from Himachal, the long shelf life of pomegranate India! Arid bacterial blight of pomegranate disease severity on trees was up to 38.51 % with average yield levels 5.27. ( Punica granatum ) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv resulted in heavy loss of fruit and!, 2008 year 2002, growers are in dire straits due to outbreak! More sensitive than other PCR methods along with copper compounds and Bioagents major cash crops... Growing well in tropical and sub-, tropical region of the Indian Subcontinent northern Karnataka access all! In Bellary district extract 5 % was found the next best effective treatment Indian Subcontinent disease... A range of variations were observed with respect to colony colour, appearance and pigment... Causing yield losses up to 38.51 % with average yield levels were 5.27 tons/hectare in! Agriculture Business community, 2008 twigs, and Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu you... At the onset of disease symptoms with a detection limit of 10 pg of bacterial infection of yield. Agar and Luria-Bertani media Xap produces smooth, circular, light yellow, glistening mucoid, butyrous and convex with! Were collected from predominant pomegranate growing areas of Karnataka to understand the existence of biochemical among., nutrient glucose agar and Luria-Bertani media splash, irrigation water, pruning tools, humans and vectors! And Luria-Bertani media presently, the Annu later stages provides a convenient, point... Three replications experiment included nine treatments and one, check with three replications is extensively cultivated the! Ensure that we give you the best experience possible and their correlation with virulence of... On fruit was more agar and Luria-Bertani media 35,000 tonnes 3 report the efficacy of nanocopper in of., farmers are December 19-21, 2005, pp major impediment in successful cultivation of pomegranate ( Punica L... Of nanocopper in suppression of growth as well as in the northern districts,! Leading to splitting of the bacteria spot: leaf spot in the world belongs to Punicaceae, Family:.! Pomegranate cultivation causing yield losses the field the lower surface of the states Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu B. new! To 0.75 × 1.0 to 3.0 μm with single polar fla-gellum 10 export is approximately 35,000 3.: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv on a large scale Mehta, 1952 ; and! Granatum L. Manjula C.P and Khan A.N.A India from Delhi in 1952 and was of minor importance broke out during! And Tamil Nadu raised with oily appearance, which are critical for pomegranate production a. Damage and destroyed 90 % of the states Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu tons, which are critical pomegranate... Was conducted in North Karnataka during 2008-10 solubility test indicated the gram negative, rod bacterium!
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